模(mo)具(ju)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)業生產上用(yong)(yong)以注(zhu)塑(su)(su)、吹塑(su)(su)、擠(ji)出、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)或(huo)鍛(duan)(duan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)型、冶煉(lian)、沖(chong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等方法得(de)到(dao)所(suo)需產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各種模(mo)子和(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)。簡而(er)言之(zhi)，模(mo)具(ju)是用(yong)(yong)來制作成(cheng)(cheng)型物(wu)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)，這種工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)由(you)各種零(ling)件(jian)構成(cheng)(cheng)，不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)模(mo)具(ju)由(you)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)構成(cheng)(cheng)。它主(zhu)要(yao)通過所(suo)成(cheng)(cheng)型材料(liao)(liao)物(wu)理狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)改變來實現物(wu)品(pin)(pin)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)。素有(you)“工(gong)(gong)(gong)業之(zhi)母”的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱號。在外(wai)力作用(yong)(yong)下使(shi)(shi)坯料(liao)(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)為有(you)特定(ding)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)尺(chi)寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)制件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)。廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)于沖(chong)裁(cai)、模(mo)鍛(duan)(duan)、冷鐓、擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、粉末冶金件(jian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力鑄(zhu)造，以及(ji)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)、橡膠、陶瓷等制品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)塑(su)(su)或(huo)注(zhu)塑(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)中。模(mo)具(ju)具(ju)有(you)特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)廓(kuo)或(huo)內腔形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)具(ju)有(you)刃口的(de)(de)(de)(de)輪(lun)廓(kuo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)可以使(shi)(shi)坯料(liao)(liao)按輪(lun)廓(kuo)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)發生分(fen)離（沖(chong)裁(cai)）。應(ying)用(yong)(yong)內腔形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)可使(shi)(shi)坯料(liao)(liao)獲得(de)相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立體形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。模(mo)具(ju)一般(ban)包括(kuo)動模(mo)和(he)定(ding)模(mo)（或(huo)凸模(mo)和(he)凹模(mo)）兩(liang)個部分(fen)，二者可分(fen)可合。分(fen)開時取出制件(jian)，合攏時使(shi)(shi)坯料(liao)(liao)注(zhu)入模(mo)具(ju)型腔成(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。模(mo)具(ju)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)，形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)復(fu)雜，承受坯料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)脹(zhang)力，對結構強度(du)(du)、剛度(du)(du)、表面(mian)硬(ying)度(du)(du)、表面(mian)粗糙度(du)(du)和(he)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)(du)都(dou)有(you)較高要(yao)求，模(mo)具(ju)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展水平是機械制造水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)標志之(zhi)一。

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