模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)生產上用(yong)以注塑(su)(su)、吹塑(su)(su)、擠(ji)(ji)出、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鑄(zhu)或鍛壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、冶(ye)(ye)煉、沖壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等方法(fa)得到所需產品(pin)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)模(mo)子和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。簡而(er)言之，模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)用(yong)來制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)物品(pin)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，這種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)由各種(zhong)零件(jian)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，不同的(de)(de)模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)由不同的(de)(de)零件(jian)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。它主要(yao)(yao)通過所成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材料(liao)物理狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態的(de)(de)改(gai)變(bian)來實現物品(pin)外形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。素(su)有(you)“工(gong)(gong)業(ye)之母”的(de)(de)稱號。在外力作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)下使坯(pi)料(liao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為有(you)特定形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)(he)尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)件(jian)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。廣泛用(yong)于沖裁、模(mo)鍛、冷鐓、擠(ji)(ji)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、粉末冶(ye)(ye)金(jin)件(jian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力鑄(zhu)造(zao)(zao)，以及(ji)工(gong)(gong)程塑(su)(su)料(liao)、橡膠(jiao)、陶(tao)瓷等制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)塑(su)(su)或注塑(su)(su)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)中。模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)特定的(de)(de)輪廓或內(nei)腔(qiang)(qiang)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，應用(yong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)刃口(kou)的(de)(de)輪廓形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)可以使坯(pi)料(liao)按(an)輪廓線形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)發(fa)生分(fen)離（沖裁）。應用(yong)內(nei)腔(qiang)(qiang)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)可使坯(pi)料(liao)獲得相應的(de)(de)立體形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)一般包括動模(mo)和(he)(he)定模(mo)（或凸模(mo)和(he)(he)凹(ao)模(mo)）兩個部分(fen)，二者可分(fen)可合。分(fen)開時取出制(zhi)(zhi)件(jian)，合攏(long)時使坯(pi)料(liao)注入模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)型(xing)(xing)(xing)腔(qiang)(qiang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形(xing)(xing)。模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)復雜，承受坯(pi)料(liao)的(de)(de)脹(zhang)力，對結構強度(du)(du)、剛度(du)(du)、表面硬度(du)(du)、表面粗糙(cao)度(du)(du)和(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度(du)(du)都有(you)較高要(yao)(yao)求，模(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)生產的(de)(de)發(fa)展水平是(shi)機械制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)水平的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)標志之一。

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